Wednesday, July 31, 2019

The Building Of Brand (Nike)

This shoe placed Nikkei on the map, and after it came out, all other brands had to offer similarly shock-absorbent soles. In 1972, Phil Knight (Nines founder and current CEO), was able to convince several marathoners to wear Nikkei shoes during the Olympic trials in Eugene, Oregon, where the company started. Later, Nikkei ran a campaign saying that â€Å"Nines were worn by four of the top seven finishers†. Sponsorship had begun. In October 1 982, Nikkei aired its first three national television ads, during the broadcast of the New York City Marathon.They ran TV commercials cause back then it was so easy to target their audience: most of them would be watching the marathon. There were fewer channels and fewer media outputs. About Nikkei & Product Positioning Nikkei was named after the Greek goddess for ‘Victory'. Today, it dominates the global sports footwear market. The company started focusing on making running shoes, but over time they became associated with the athlet e subculture, which allowed them to expand into other areas. They learned they had to stay within the athletic category though -they tried selling everyday shoes and it didn't work out.Currently, it's the largest seller of athletic footwear and athletic apparel in the world, with over 700 stores worldwide, over 40,000 employees and generating more than $21 billion a year in sales. It's recognized everywhere by their trademark â€Å"swoosh† logo. History Brand Overview Nikkei advertising has become one of the most effective emotional branding examples in the marketing world today. They use the old technique of Heroism to inspire customer loyalty all over the world: the battle is between our lazy side and our healthy side. Our laziness is the villain, and we become the heroes.We all see the hero in ourselves, and therefore this message appeals to everyone on the planet. The brand strategy isn't to make you think you need Nikkei gear in order to succeed, but that you actually wa nt it because you succeed. The product is downplayed, and the ego of the customer is lifted up. The Product Dream We are all athletes. We are all heroes. We achieve great things. We win, every single battle. Garage Newell talks about a 5-step formula, that he claims is present in every Nikkei commercial, and it shows the hero overcoming great struggles. That's the promise: you are a winner, that's why you choose Nikkei.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

John Proctor Essay

The Crucible is an ingeniously written play by Arthur Miller. The story is based on a real life tragedy that arose from trumped up hysteria that gripped Salem, Massachusetts in the seventeenth century. At the same time that this play was being written, a certain American paranoia arose, McCarthyism. This created a perfect parallel between modern day and the story for Arthur Miller.  The second act starts in the Proctor household. This is the first introduction of the two characters together and already Miller has engaged the audience’s attention. Their marriage is very frosty and cold and this chilliness is portrayed to the audience by the way that the couple speak to each other, using short, harsh words to express their feelings, â€Å"Pray now for a fair summer/ Aye.† It is clear to the audience from these brief answers that Elizabeth is trying to avoid talking to her husband and is somewhat dismissive of him. Their tentative conversation is mainly derived from the affair that John and Abigail had had: the audience is well aware of this. The audience is also gripped by the way John is trying to forget the past, shown by his declaration of his only intent, ‘to please’ Elizabeth, whom coldly accepts. Salem is finally mentioned and on that note the tone is set to a standard civilised manner, but Elizabeth’s mention of Abigail later on again stirs up heat, â€Å"†¦the town’s gone wild†¦she speak of Abigail.† This rekindled heat shows the audience how eager Elizabeth is on dwelling on the past, frequently raising issues related to the affair, â€Å"I do not judge you,† the two colliding personas intensify drama in the scene effectively. Elizabeth’s provocation gives perfect cause for John to get angry and also is vital when Hale enters. Luckily for Elizabeth, Mary Warren walks in. John uses her arrival to divert his rage in a successful attempt to reduce apparent tension between his wife and himself. Mary then decides to recite a list of the accused in the trails in Salem, Miller’s endeavor to create even more drama pays off as when Elizabeth’s name is ‘somewhat mentioned’ in the court. At this point John becomes infuriated. Mary tries to calm everyone down and gives Elizabeth a doll that she had made during the proceedings in court. This in turn indirectly creates drama due to the fact that the audience is prefixed on the belief that it is a kind gesture, but it is later used against Elizabeth when she is being condemned, â€Å"‘Tis Hard proof†¦I find here a poppet†¦in the belly†¦a needle’s stuck.† John, after hearing his wife’s mention tells Mary Warren to ‘go to bed’ where she shows the power that she has to the crowd and to John by telling him that she ‘will not be ordered to bed anymore.’ The heated conversation between John and Mary reaches a crux. The conversation’s temper level is suddenly dropped and Mary goes to bed. Miller carves drama from every aspect of this conversation. The audience is obviously familiar with the charge for communicating with the ‘Devil,’ imminent death. In this sense it is obliviously clear that Miller has ventured to create suspense for the audience, what will happen next, how will Elizabeth react, will she die? Elizabeth is then forced to think pessimistically. She then starts to contemplate what will happen to her after this is resolved, indicating the worst possible outcomes. Miller has done this to show the audience what the character must be going through, letting them adopt Elizabeth’s persona, creating drama by indoctrinating their thoughts to fit the pessimistic way in which Elizabeth is thinking, â€Å"†¦the noose is up!† Hale’s entry into the scene is very peculiar. Miller’s intent when writing the stage direction, â€Å"Quite suddenly, as though from the air, a figure appears,† is so the person directing the play can have the entry very mysterious, so as to arouse suspicion about the character of Hale amongst the audience. His mysterious welcome and his reason for coming to the Proctor household, to determine ‘the Christian character of this house’, makes John very hostile towards him. John sees his invasion as a form of provocation and becomes aggressive towards him; â€Å"we are not used to visitors after dark.† Hale proceeds in explaining how the witch-hunt has intensified and that there are a numerous amount of people accused. So far Arthur miller has kept drama in this scene at an extraordinarily high and constant rate, keeping the audience at the edge of their seats, hardly dropping dramatic tension anywhere. Hale appears at a tense moment that startles Mr. and Mrs. Proctor, the audience knows this but Hale does not and so is not aware that he is unwelcome. The scene that follows is very intense and hilly with the dramatic tension constantly pulsing up and down. From the beginning the conversation between Hale and John Proctor is rather heated especially when issues of the church are concerned, â€Å"Powers of the dark.† It is clear to the audience that both Hale and Proctor are sceptical about the goings on Salem but do not want to show it. For example, when they are talking about the accused and Rebecca Nurse’s name gets mentioned Hale’s insecurity is shown when he says, † God forbid such a one be charged.† Miller also shocks the audience over the accusation of Goody Nurse showing them the power the girls have over adults and Salem, also displaying to them how the girls position has been uncontrollably elevated, Mary Warren: â€Å"I’ll not stand whipping any more!†

Monday, July 29, 2019

Ratio Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ratio Analysis - Coursework Example Through the use of accounting analysis using ratios, financial analysts are able to assess and compare the present performance with the previous and even with other similar firms under the same industry. This is through either vertical or horizontal analysis. For instance, general through the above analysis, it is generally appearing that Apple and Inc is operating under favorable conditions compared to Hewlett-Packard. For instance, there many stakeholders who have interest in knowing how the business is performing through analysis of the financial reports and statements (Stickney, 2007). Additionally, creditors, shareholders, staff, and the government among others are usually investigating the state of affairs of the company to assess the leverage, profitability, efficiency and the liquidity position of a corporation. Sometimes accounting ratios are used as a basis of controls by business entities. All the stakeholders in a company are given objectives and goals set which they are required to achieve and at the end of financial year, their performance is assessed to note any problem that might have occurred. Firstly, the Liquidity ratios are used in measuring the capability of a business in meeting its short run maturity obligations and assess its credit position and the level it can use debt capital as a source of finance (Stickney, 2007). For instance, the current ratio determines the liquidity position of an enterprise. Furthermore, the company creditors need to know this to determine the credit worthiness of a firm. From our ratios, it is evident that Apple Inc. ltd is at a better liquidity position in comparison to Hewlett-Packard which has a lower ratio. The lower ratio portrays that the company is at greater liquidity risk. Apple Inc. Ltd is, therefore, exposed to more cash position and it in a position of meeting its short-term obligation compared to Hewlett Packard. Secondly, the gearing (leverage) ratio usually

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Determining Your Perfect Position Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Determining Your Perfect Position - Essay Example It is natural for every business student to aspire to be a successful businessperson at a reputable organization. These positions could be of an entrepreneur, the chief-executive office, the departmental heads - marketing, sales, production, and finance or even the president and chief supervisor. Everybody has a different perfect position in mind; a different dream; I aspire to be an entrepreneur and start up a business of designer personal computers. The reason that I believe that the position of an entrepreneur and then the CEO of the organization once it is in existence is perfect for me is due to my personality and passion put together. The enthusiasm that I hold for designer personal computers is extraordinary; I want to pass on this fervor to other people too by opening up my own venture. An entrepreneur is somebody who takes major risks; he employs all the money that he has towards his business plan in the hope of earning profit. However, this profit could very well be major losses as well; the entrepreneur might be left with no capital by the end of the project. However, I am a very adventurous person by nature - risk taking and gambling is a part of everyone's life; taking risks for something one really desires is a positive risk. Also, I possess a high energy level, self-confidence and an awareness of passing time. I tend to make the best use of time that I have along with a managed awareness of my surroundings. These a re all the qualities that an entrepreneur should possess ideally, and with these qualities and commitment, I believe I can reach new heights as an entrepreneur myself. Leadership: The second prerequisite of a running an organization successfully at a certain position is 'leadership'; a leader is somebody who manages the entire organization and its operations, controls all activities, monitors each act and most importantly, motivates other employees to work for the progression of the organization. Employees tend to slack off and become uninterested in their job; it is the task of this leader to exhibit his leadership skills and talk these employees into working hard and become motivated. One of the most important jobs of the leader, who mostly is the manager, is to plan out a mission and then guiding and directing it to success (Thompson, Strickland, Gamble; 2008). Leadership Styles: The way a person plans to lead his organization of his subordinates depends on basically two things; firstly, his nature and personality attributes and secondly, the circumstances at hand and the type of organization he is running. There are several types of leadership styles - authoritative, participative, delegative, autocratic, charismatic, democratic, people oriented, task oriented etc (Glanz, 2002). However, the three main categories are 'authoritative/autocratic', 'participative/democratic' and 'delegative/free reign'. A leader can only be successful if he knows which side of this leadership to apply in which situations. 'Participative/democratic' is a style that focuses more on team work and building great interpersonal relationships with one's colleagues. Such a leader does not believe in ordering or bossing around his/her subordinates; this also gives birth to a level of respect among the team members. This strengthens the ease and comfort of sharing ideas and innovation techniques and negates the idea of suppressing one's suggestion in fear

Examine the impact of the new media on Parliaments and MPs Essay

Examine the impact of the new media on Parliaments and MPs - Essay Example ment should make sure they do whatever it takes to protect a free and independent media as its presence is vital for a functioning democracy as well as good governance (Girard 2002). It is for this reason that make parliament strive to establish a culture through legislation which protects the media. Generally, the aim of this essay is to investigate the effect of new information and communications technologies (ICTs), mostly the internet, upon parliamentary democracy in Britain. This study views three important aspects which the internet puts on parliamentary democracy such as, the practices, principles and rules related to the use of the internet in a parliamentary context. It is hoped that, perception on the development of and issues of e-democracy can be established. To facilitate the media’s operation, Parliament should ensure freedom of expression, rights to information in addition to freedom of the press. According to Rogers (1995) it is important for parliamentarians to participate in debates on how to bring about a balance between the freedom of speech and standards of responsibility on top of decency and quality. In Britain for example, BBC have had a powerful effect on the rising technologies. Earlier, internet domain was delegated to an individual. Domain requests had to be emailed, manually screened and then forwarded to the UK naming committee before processing. Membership was restricted to a certain group of people who were part of a peering arrangement. The naming committee could object to a name and if small number objected then the name was refused. In mid 1990s growth of internet and the introduction of the WWW pushed request for domain name registrations grew to levels that were not manageable. Automation tools were provid ed which formalised the naming process. A good professional relationship should be created between the parliamentarians and journalists for them to fulfil their duties. This relationship is based on mutual respect as well

Saturday, July 27, 2019

IN VITRO FERTILIZATION Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IN VITRO FERTILIZATION - Research Paper Example According to the World Health Organization, â€Å"Infertility is the inability to conceive a child. A couple may be considered infertile if, after two years of regular sexual intercourse, without contraception, the woman has not become pregnant (and there is no other reason, such as breastfeeding or postpartum amenorrhea).† Infertility may be classified as either primary infertility or secondary infertility. Primary infertility refers to infertility where there is no history of even a single pregnancy. Secondary infertility is defined as infertility where there is a history of a previous pregnancy. Infertility may result owing to reproductive problems arising within the males or the females. There are many reasons which can affect the normal capacity of conceiving. These include the increase age of females, smoking by males and females, decreased coital occurrence and consumption of alcohol in increased amounts. Other factors include altered body mass index of the females and certain drugs which alter the normal reproductive capacity. The increased occurrence of infertility has led to the creation of management techniques to correct this issue. In vitro fertilization is one such technique which is used by the couples for the purpose of conception. This technique which is also referred to as IVF is the combining of an ovum and sperm in the laboratory for creating an embryo. This embryo is then artificially implanted into the uterus of the female (American Pregnancy Association 2007a; American Pregnancy Association. 2007b; Monga et al., 2011). In vitro fertilization is a very expensive procedure and mostly it does not lie under the insurance coverage in many states in America. The cost for one complete cycle of in vitro fertilization is not marked to be constant for every person. But the estimated cost is believed to range from 12,000 to 17,000 dollars. This is the initial cost that has to be paid for the entire procedure with the inclusion of the medicati ons. If other artificial reproductive techniques are used along with In vitro fertilization the cost can be higher. If the couple requires an ovum and sperm donor the cost is raised as per the requirement. If an ovum is required the cost can increase to 25,000 to 30,000 dollars. If a sperm is required, the cost may rise to 13,000 to 17,000 dollars. These costs are implicated for only one cycle and if unsuccessful, complete costs are to be repaid for the carrying out of the entire process of in vitro fertilization again (Dugdale et al.,2009; Gurevich 2011). Different investigations are to be completed prior to the initiation of the procedure. A general physical examination of the female should be performed along with the examination of the pelvis. The genitals of the males should also be examined. A semen analysis report of the male should be performed for ensuring the viability of the sperms and to check if there will be a need for a donor. Follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizin g hormone and estradiol levels should be checked for the females during the follicular phase. This should be followed by a hysterosalpingogram. An ultrasound of the pelvis should also be performed to locate any uterine pathology. In vitro fertilization is performed following the completion of these tests. The procedure involves the completion of five basic steps. The first step is the introduction of medicines to lead to the production of ova that can be used for the fertilization. FSH is introduced within the female body to promote the production of up to 10 ova. This is followed by the administration of hCG which causes the ovaries to release eggs. The second step is the collection of the eggs. This is done with using a needle is then performed with the assistance of

Friday, July 26, 2019

Reciprocity in Intergenerational Family Therapy Research Proposal

Reciprocity in Intergenerational Family Therapy - Research Proposal Example Va Satir is regarded as the creator and contributing driver within the developments associated with Experiential Family Therapies. Their basic principle focuses on maximizing the actual understanding, durable transformation, comprehension the actual structure associated with a conversation, reshaping partnership as well as establishing associated self-confidence, and building of congruent lifestyle. Furthermore, its strengths consist of focusing on multigenerational behaviors, prognosis associated with dysfunctional character within family relationships, and appreciating the novel ideas associated with existence. Many experts have belittled this because of its reliance upon therapists’ creativeness, charisma and character, minimal research on its applications, and its presumption that all of the human beings grow along with families (Satir, 1988) Emotionally Focused Therapy is an approach to work with couples and families. Basically, the theory is based on the principles of Emotions Theory and Attachment Theory. Strong points of the theory include the accessing of buried primary emotions, enhancing the emotional bond between partners, and engaging positive change in the couple’s negative interaction sequences.   Focusing on connection and mutuality, and validating both men’s and woman’s need for a sense of secure connectedness, is a weak area because it promotes autonomy.  Ã‚  

Thursday, July 25, 2019

I need a conclusion statement (ppragraph) for Google Glass Research Paper

I need a conclusion statement (ppragraph) for Google Glass - Research Paper Example Google glass is a new application, and people are not familiar with its usability. It has applications that are different from those existing in mobile computers such as car navigation system, laptops, and cell phones. The Google Glass software is at the trial stages hence can be considered immature and difficult for people to apply. It is also not practical for the Google to physically train their customers on how to use the gadget. However, there are some programs that can be accessed via internet that can train people on how to use the Glass. The programs are also able to involve people from their convenient places such as their homes and workplace by giving feedback as well as asking questions (Kaufman 77). The fact that the Google Glass is a new technology, many users fear that their privacy may be jeopardized. Some think that the gadget may be used in monitoring their privacy in their workplace as well as their homes. People using the Glass scare others by making them think that the persons wearing the Glass is secretly taking photos and videos which can be shared to a remote server and be used for other purposes. It is as a result of the breach of privacy that people are barred from using the Glass in places such as casinos and other personal businesses premises. Though the gadget is used in sending and receiving text, e-mails, news updates and photos just like the phones, the Google has to address issues related to privacy. The fact that the technology is very new in the market, not much has been done to determine its safety on the users. There are reported cases where people without vision problem experience headache and eyestrains after using the glass for a short time. There is also an unknown risk to people with eye problems such as those who had once undergone a Lasik surgery after using the Glass. The use of the Google Glass is also not suitable for children under the age of 13

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

VA Tech Shooting - Cho Seung-Hui Research Paper

VA Tech Shooting - Cho Seung-Hui - Research Paper Example Cho was able to buy these weapons despite the psychological problem he was afflicted with and that was in the records. At around 7:15 AM he killed two students. He sent some videos to NBC News proclaiming himself to be Jesus Christ and revealing his contempt towards the wealthy students and â€Å"deceitful charlatans† (Hagan, 2010, p. 212). After two hours he entered a classroom, shut the main entrance doors and resumed to murder several students and faculty at large in 170 rounds. He had already used 174 bullets and 203 live cartridges were recovered. Several students and professors acted bravely and managed to escape and also save some others. If police had not arrived on time, further killings would have occurred. The following report will analyze the various aspects of the massacre and especially the accused along with the action taken by the VPI Campus Police Department. An analysis of behavioral theory about Seung-Hui Cho would have led to an early identification of this negativity in the student and perhaps could have prevented the massacre. Cho’s behavior can be analyzed with the help of Trait Theory, especially Psychodynamic Trait Theory proposed by the Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso. The theory asserts that criminality is a result of abnormal biological or psychological characteristics. Biological this might be explained as follows: â€Å"Chemical and mineral imbalance leads to cognitive and learning deficits†¦and these factors in turn are associated with antisocial behavior† (Schechter, 2003, p. 100). Psychological Freud has put forward a theory, which has become significant with time. According to Freud, â€Å"â€Å"[the] residue of the most significant emotional attachments of our childhood, which then guides our future interpersonal relationships† (Siegel, 2005, p. 111). This theory comprises of three components – id, ego and super ego. The id dominates one’s basic needs like sleep, food habits,

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Tata Motors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Tata Motors - Essay Example Tata Motors had conducted a series of acquisitions. In the year 2004, it had taken over Daewoo Commercial Vehicles which is one of the leading truck companies of South Korea. In 2005, it purchased 21% share of Hispano Carrocera, a bus maker corporation of Spain. In the year 2006, Tata Motors was involved in a joint business partnership with Marcopolo, a body making company of buses and coaches of Brazil. In the same year, Tata Motors had made mutual venture with a Thailand manufacturing company to produce and enter the market of pickup cars. In the year 2008, Tata Motors had purchased two British automobile brands namely Jaguar and Land Rover. Since 1961, Tata Motors has been increasing its international presence. Tata’s cars are exported in many countries of Asia Pacific, Middle East, South America, South East Asia and Europe. In previous 50 years since its inception, Tata Motors has shown tremendous growth. It has more than 4500 scientists and engineers, 25000 employees and in the year 2009–2010 its calculated earnings was approximately 20 billion USD (TATA Motors, 2011). About Tata Nano In the year 2008, Tata Motors had uncovered the cheapest car of India, Tata Nano. Tata Nano has become the yardstick among all the smaller vehicles. It has been made with proper regulatory safety necessities of Indian market. It is also an environment friendly vehicle which produces less CO2 emission than two wheelers vehicles of India. The bend body design and less weight has made Tata Nano a fuel efficient vehicle which provides dual benefit of reasonable transportation solution and low environmental pollution (TATA Motors, 2011). Marketing Context Before introducing any product in the market there is a need to conduct marketing research plan. The 4Ps of marketing is a useful tool to develop clear idea about success of any product in the market. It helps to define the target market i.e. the segment for which the product will be produced. The proper pricing of the product to meet the needs of target market must be performed. Subsequently, the place where the product will be availabl e must be decided and finally the product must be advertised with proper promotion to develop brand awareness among target audience. Marketing Issue to be Investigated This research will investigate the marketing strategy of Tata Nano and its success in the automobile market. Tata Nano was introduced publicly in the year 2008. Initially, it was produced in two versions which are deluxe and standard. The vehicle has

Monday, July 22, 2019

Teacher Career Essay Example for Free

Teacher Career Essay When I was five, my mom asked me what do you want to be when you grow up. My answers were Batman, hero or Red Ranger. Then when I was ten she asked again; I answered rock stars or cowboy. Now that I have grown up, she wanted a serious answer. Finally, I could tell her that I want to be a teacher, possibly as a math teacher. It was very hard time for me to think about this decision about the career in teaching. There is a lot of work that goes into becoming a high school teacher. It required a variety of skills and aptitudes including working with children, but I am willing and ready to accept that challenge. â€Å"Education is the job that has a number of requirements. As a teacher you have to be organizational, administrative, recordkeeping abilities; research communication skills; the power to influence, motivate, and train others; patience; creative†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Michael Farr from â€Å"Professional and Related Occupations†, American’s top Jobs for College Graduates. Indianapolis: JIST Works, 2001). Math play important role in life. This is why I would like to become a math teacher. The reason this career interesting me is because I have a lot of experience from what I learned in both of my countries. The first is that teaching, like other professions, utilizes a specialized body of knowledge and translated into lessons for the students at a level they can understand. Second, teaching places emphasis on the decision making which I have to plan lessons by minding goals, objectives and furthermore how my teaching to the students will match their life. Student have to know the reason why they learn math whether they realized it or not. For examples, shoppers use math to calculate change, tax, and sales prices. Cooks use math to modify the amount a recipe will make. Vacationers use math to find time of arrivals and departures to plan their trips†¦ Finally, I’m really respecting the views of the students even if these differ from their own personal views, not embarrassing students, also dealing with those who cheat during the exams. â€Å"Everyone at one time or another believes that the children are the future. The youth stands in front of the door to the future and knowledge is the key. Without this knowledge, the world would be without a future. †(Gilmore, Dorothy. America Federation of Teachers:555 New Jerseys Avenue, 2001). In Vietnam, we say that children are the symbol of little seeds as teachers are the farmers. When a farmer watering into the seeds, they will grow and becoming so many king different trees. I want to be that farmer to take care of my students. I have a passion working with kids, this is why I would like to be there for the ones that want to give up, show them there’s always someone who believes in them and will be there to help them on any possible way. I realized that I also like helping other people learn math, especially those that struggle with it or those who have a disliking for it. As a teacher, I will be able to fulfill my aspirations; both my students and I will learn together. I believe everyone has the capacity and opportunity to be successful in like. I think that having the passion in working with kids/youth makes communication easier such as educational and friendly. I also have a good sense of humor is one of those traits that will help my students become more comfortable and it grabs their attention. There will not any pressure or violent in my classroom. â€Å"A teacher generally works between 175 and 180 days for a school year. Also, beginning salaries for secondary school teacher can range from $26, 598 to $27, 896 per year. † (Brendon, Stuart. Top 100 Careers. Chicago: Chicago Board of Education, 2002. ) In teaching, the disadvantages are more than advantages: low salaries relative to the work, teaching large classrooms, small school budgets But it doesn’t matter to me. I still want to be a teacher. It is a stable job! I don’t care so much about the salary because in every month though it is not very high. Therefore my life will not be affected by the change of economy. As a teacher, I can get respected by everybody. No matter how famous a person has become, students will never ignore their teacher. It feels good knowing I am able to help and guide someone through not only schoolwork but also life, as is true with young people. Being needed by young people gives me that desire to put forth-extra effort during each day and really giving them something to look forward to. My chosen career path has been an ongoing source of personal inspiration and growth. It helps me to define who I am and what I am about. It helps guide me through my life and provides a safe hold as I weather the storms of life. My career teaches me of my love teaching and how important education is to everyone. I want to teach them what I have been go through. There is no word to describe how happiness I am when my students get good grades in my class. The rewards I have received from my career have been so plentiful that they continue to fuel my desire to reach my ultimate mission. My intent to become a source of inspiration for others, helping to give back the guidance that others have provided for me.

Scenarios of Labor Relations in Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

Scenarios of Labor Relations in Bangladesh Essay In the context of Bangladesh, one can say that the country is not too poorly served by labour laws and their regulations on the employers. Trade union practices providing collective bargaining of workers with their employers are generally allowed in the industries and services here. Labour courts in Bangladesh promote and protect workers rights and enforce laws such as compensation to be paid to workers by employers for the breach of labour laws on their part. Bangladesh is a signatory nation associated to the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and remains committed on the whole to ILO policies. However, trade union practices in Bangladesh seem to be in existence in the countrys older industries and services with new ones-particularly the export oriented garments industries-remaining largely unserved by trade unions. But there are also powerful arguments in favour of such exemptions. The garments industries could never have come to their present number or employ the record number of workers as they do, if they were burdened by demands from workers and lost their competitiveness as a result. The example of the garments industries also demonstrates that it should be a prudent course for eligible workers in this country to first find employment in sectors like the garments industries than to restrict the flourishment of such emerging work opportunities by attempting to introduce trade unions in them too early in the day (The New Nation, 2004). It should be advantageous for workers to put less emphasis first on orthodox trade union practices and accept less regulation on the employers so that they feel encouraged to expand business activities. This should maximise employment creation which should go in the favour of unemployed workers when unemployment is a huge problem in Bangladesh. More employment and some income should be a better choice for the countrys workforce with its vast number of unemployed than no employment and no income from too much of trade unionism. Thus, there is a need for responsible trade unionism in the country if there exists a genuine interest among workers leaders to best advance the longer term interests of their followers. Of course, it is not meant that pressure for better looking after the welfare needs of workers ught not to be there when the new enterprises graduate into stronger entities and, thus, become able to smoothly accommodate reasonable demands from their workers (The New Nation, 2004). Many of the countrys garments industries, for instance, would not lose their competitiveness or experience any major reduction in their profits or the control over their workers by allowing the worke rs certain basic rights, such as a weekly holiday, casual leave, a bearable increase in their wages and safe conditions of work in the factories (The New Nation, 2004). From the governments side, the role expected most is imparting of training and education free of cost to workers. The same should increase their productivity and skills which would be invaluable assets in the work places. Governments in many countries play the desired role of training and educating as many workers as possible and look upon government spending on these areas as long term investment on economic growth. The Government in Bangladesh needs to adopt and pursue vigorously similar policies (The New Nation, 2004). . 2. Trade union rights in law: 2. 2. 1. Many restrictions: The Constitution provides for the right to form or join unions. There are many restrictions, however. Before a union can be registered, 30 per cent of workers in an enterprise have to be members and the union can be dissolved if its membership falls below this level. The ILO has informed the government that this is a clear barrier to freedom of association and recommended the law be amended, but that advice has been continuously ignored. Unions must have government approval to be registered, and no trade union action can be taken prior to registration. Unions can only be formed at the factory/establishment level, with some exceptions (such as private road transport, private inland river transport, tea, jute bailing, bidi production) where union formation can take place based on geographic area. There can be no more than three registered trade unions in any establishment. Membership in a union is restricted only to workers currently working at an establishment, meaning that severance from employment also results in the end of a worker’s membership in the union. Candidates for union office have to be current or former employees of an establishment or group of establishments. The Registrar of Trade Unions has wide powers to interfere in internal union affairs. He can enter union premises and inspect documents. The registrar may also cancel the registration of a union, with Labour Court approval (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). . 2. 2. Exclusions from union membership: Under the Industrial Relations Ordinance (IRO), workers in the public sector and state enterprises may not belong to a trade union, with the exception of railway, postal and telecommunications workers. Members of the security forces are also denied the right to form unions. Teachers are also forbidden to form trade unions, in either the public or private sector. Managerial and administrative employees can form welfare associations, but they are denied the right to join a union (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). . 2. 3. Right to strike not recognized: The right to strike is not specifically recognised in law. Three quarters of a union’s members must agree to a strike before it can go ahead. The government can ban any strike if it continues beyond 30 days (in which case it is referred to the Labour Court for adjudication), if it involves a public service covered by the Essential Services Ordinance or if it is considered a threat to the national interest. In this last case, the 1974 Special Powers Act can be used to detain trade unionists without charge. The government may ban strikes for renewable periods of three months. Sentences of up to 14 years’ forced labour can be passed for offences such as obstruction of transport. Strikes are not allowed in new establishments either owned by foreign investors or established as joint-ventures in collaboration with foreign investors for a period of three years from the date the establishment begins commercial production (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 2. 4. Compulsory conciliation and court referral procedures: The labour law requires that parties to an industrial dispute must follow procedures (such as request conciliation, serve notice of a strike or lock-out, or refer the dispute to the Labour Court for settlement) within a specified period or the labour dispute will be considered legally terminated. The issue or subject of an industrial dispute which is terminated in this manner cannot be raised for a calendar year after such termination (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). . 2. 5. Collective bargaining limited: Only registered unions can engage in collective bargaining, and each union must nominate representatives to a Collective Bargaining Authority committee, which is subject to approval by the Registrar of Trade Unions. The National Pay and Wages Commission, whose recommendations are binding, sets public sector workers’ pay levels and other benefits (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: B angladesh, 2007). 2. 2. 6. EPZ Law – significant restrictions continue: The EPZ Trade Union and Industrial Relations Bill 2004 provided for the formation of trade unions in EPZs from 1 November 2006. The ILO Committee on Freedom of Association recommended numerous amendments to the law to bring it into compliance with Conventions no. 87 and 98 which Bangladesh has ratified. The government of Bangladesh has fundamentally failed to take any appreciable steps to comply with the ILO CFA’s ruling. The law foresees the phased introduction of freedom of association, providing for a different type of workers’ organisation at each stage. However, the law does not go so far as to say that trade unions with full associational rights will be allowed to exist in EPZs after the last stage outlined, which will be after 1 November 2008 (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 2. 6. Stage one – worker representation and welfare committees: Until the end of October, workers in Bangladesh’s EPZs were still operating under the first stage of the law. They were only allowed to set up Worker Representation and Welfare Committees (WRWC). The law requires all enterprises in the EPZ to have one WRWC, whose elected representatives have the power to negotiate and sign collective agreements on a limited set of topics but not to strike or organise demonstrations. However, workers and labour activists in Bangladesh reported that in 2006 employers generally refused to enter negotiations or sign an agreement with a WRWC. Under the law, all WRWCs were supposed to cease to exist on 31 October 2006, unless he employer gave an explicit agreement that the WRWC should continue (which they would in practice only do in the case of compliant WRWCs). (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 2. 7. Stage two – workers’ associations: The second stage of the law provides that a trade union, referred to as a Workers’ Association (WA) in the law, can be organised provided over 30 per cent of the workforce reque sts that the association should be set up. More than 50 per cent of the workers in the factory must vote affirmatively for the WA to be formed. This was scheduled to start on 1 November 2006 but in practice there were significantly delays, notably because the Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA) did not provide the necessary forms for applying to set up WAs. In new enterprises that start operations after 1 November 2006, workers are not permitted to form an association for the first three months after the commencement of commercial activities. Only one federation can be formed per EPZ, and over 50 per cent of the registered WA in the zone must vote to affiliate before a federation can be formed. The BEPZA Executive Chairman also has almost unlimited authority to deregister a Workers’ Association, should he determine that the WA has committed an unfair practice, contravened any part of the WA’s own constitution, violated any aspect of the EPZ Law, or failed to submit a report to him. Essentially, the law has made illegal the right of workers to talk about unions in their workplaces or to engage in pressure tactics to persuade recalcitrant employers to sign a collective agreement. Finally, the law explicitly forbids any strikes in the EPZs until 31 October 2008. (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 2. 8. Frequent bans on assembly: The law allows the government to ban any public gathering of more than four people, ostensibly only in cases where public order or public health are at risk. In fact, the government applied this banning power much more indiscriminately. (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 2. 9. Labour appellate tribunal created: The new labour law created an avenue for all the judgements, awards and sentences of the Labour Court to be appealed to a Labour Appellate Tribunal. Previously all such appeals had to be taken up by the Supreme Court, resulting in significant delays in reaching a final legal verdict for labour cases (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 3. Trade union rights in practice: The trade union movement is relatively weak in Bangladesh. This is partly owing to the multiplicity of trade unions and partly owing to the considerable intimidation imposed in practice, especially workers’ fear of losing their jobs should they show any sign of union activity. The right to freedom of association and to collective bargaining at the workplace is not respected in the garment sector or on the tea estates. Where unions do file applications for recognition, their registration is often delayed long beyond the 60 days foreseen by law. 2. 3. 1. Strike bans: The government makes regular use of the Essential Services Ordinance in order to ban strikes. The government’s use of this order was continuously applied over the past four years to the Power Development Board, the Dhaka Electric Supply Authority, the Chittagong Port Authority, Biman Airlines, and the Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 3. 2. Restrictions on bargaining and union meetings: Since 2003, the government has banned any collective bargaining in jute mills during production time. Only pro-government supporters are allowed to hold meetings during work time and unions not affiliated with the government’s labour grouping are not allowed to hold protests even on their day off (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 3. 3. Employers take advantage of legal loopholes: Private sector workers are discouraged from undertaking any union activity. The Industrial Relations Ordinance gives considerable leeway for discrimination against union members and organisers by employers. Workers who try to create a trade union are not protected before registration and are therefore often persecuted by their employers, sometimes by violent means or with the help of the police. The names of workers who apply for union registration are frequently passed on to employers who promptly transfer or dismiss them, particularly in the textile sector. Even after registration, workers suspected of carrying out trade union activities are regularly harassed. One popular ploy is to dismiss a worker for misconduct, as they are then no longer entitled to become a trade union officer. A complaint to the Labour Court is of little use given the underlying corruption and serious backlog of cases which, in some instances, can stretch back more than several years (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 3. 4. Export processing zones – anti-union employers: Employers in the EPZs have been consistently hostile towards trade unions, claiming that many of the companies would be ruined and jobs would be lost if they had to have unions. Some employers in the zones take advantage of the absence of trade unions to commit violations of international labour standards, such as sexual harassment, physical violence, unpaid overtime, child labour, non-compliance with minimum wage regulations and deplorable safety conditions. Despite protections for WRWC committee members provided by the EPZ Law, discrimination against leaders of active WRWCs was reported in 2006, and an undetermined yet significant number of these leaders and activist members have been terminated with permission from the BEPZA in processes that workers claimed were biased and unfair. Since there is no dispute resolution mechanism or tribunal for workers, except to appeal to the BEPZA, workers in the EPZs had few other options but to protest. After 1 November 2006, those factories with WRWCs turned their attention to frustrating efforts of the workers to form Workers Associations, again employing a series of tactics including harassment, intimidation, and termination of leaders (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 3. 5. Failure to set up industrial dispute resolution mechanisms in EPZs: Although the EPZ law provides for the establishment of an EPZ Labour Tribunal and an EPZ Labour Appellate Tribunal, a full two years after the passage of the EPZ law, these two tribunals have yet to be established (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 3. 6. Garment industry anti-union: Textile workers outside the zones fare no better. An estimated two million women workers toil for 3,300 employers to make clothes for export in Bangladesh. Workers are regularly sacked, beaten or subjected to false charges by the police for being active in unions. The General Secretary of the United Federation of Garment Workers (UGFW) has been arrested more than a dozen times. Meanwhile, the country’s garment workers are among the lowest paid in the world. They work long hours with very little leave, and face physical, verbal and sexual abuse (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 3. 7. Employer negligence and government indifference kills hundreds of workers: Negligence by employers and the authorities have had appalling consequences that a strong, vigilant trade union could help to avoid. Based on its analysis of publicly available sources, the respected Bangladesh Institute for Labour Studies found that in 2006 there were 845 workers killed and 3018 injured by occupational accidents. The ready-made garment sector led the way in its toll on workers, with 141 killed, and 1578 hurt or maimed (Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union: Bangladesh, 2007). 2. 3. 8. Ship recycling industry effectively prohibits unions: The Bangladeshi ship recycling industry is based at Chittagong Port. Workers are employed on an as-needs basis, have no contracts and do not sign any documents which could link them to a specific yard. Thus workers have no legal recourse in the event of a dispute. Largely owing to the fear instilled in them – through violence and the precariousness of their employment situation workers have no way of standing up for their rights or even claiming their dues. Any claim would provoke instant dismissal. Unions are de facto forbidden on the sites and union organisers find it very difficult to gain access.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Effects of Late Procurement for Specialist Subcontractors

Effects of Late Procurement for Specialist Subcontractors 1.1. Overview This dissertation sets out to explore the various reasons why there are delays in the subcontractor procurement process in UK Construction Industry. The dissertation will be focusing on purely the private sector of the industry and determining what effects the late procurement can have on the project, both in terms of the commercial and programme implications. The procurement process in construction begins with the client tendering the project to the main contractors. This dissertation will not focus on this element of the procurement process and will in turn focus purely on the procurement of the specialist subcontractor trades. A specialist subcontractor is defined as a contractor appointed to carry out activities in the development of a built asset that involve specialist construction knowledge and skills, (Specialist Sub-contractor, 2016) The reason for this topic is due to the working environment in which the author current works, the author is a project manager in the glazing facade industry working on major projects in the UK construction industry. The issues surrounding late procurement has been disused both on sites and in the academic environment for many years and links have been made between the number of claims for delay and variations, and the pre-construction process (Mosey, 2009). Benefits of early procurement can include the ability to value engineer solutions, correct design co-ordination, review more sustainable solutions and many more. 1.2. Hypothesis The research will demonstrate that late procurement can harm more than the programme on a project, it will show that late procurement can affect the design and quality of the project. The evidence will also show the negative effects that late procurement can have on the BREAM status of a building/ project and sustainability. 1.3. Null Hypothesis Late procurement has no effect on the project in any way. 1.4. Aims To explore the various types of procurement in the private UK Construction Industry To determine what classes as late procurement and understand the main and most common reasons for late procurements To evaluate what are the benefits to late and early procurement in terms of the key project requirements; Time Quality Cost. BREAM/Sustainability An additional aim to the dissertation, if sufficient time and resources are available. What can be done to improve the procurement processes 1.5. Objectives Read up on the various different procurement methods and strategies and understand which are relevant to the UK construction industry. Interview 4 to 5 individuals from different sectors of the UK construction industry. Speak to various levels of the construction industry project delivery team to understand the effects they believe early and late procurement can have on the industry. Questionnaires will be sent out to the following parties. Main Contractor Project Directors * Main Contractor Senior Procurement managers Main Contractor Senior Quantity Surveyors Main Contractor Project Managers / Package Managers * Main Contractor Site Managers Main Contractor Design Managers Architects * Specialist Sub-Contract Directors* Specialist Sub-Contract Project Managers* * Indicates the various project members which interviews will be completed with. 2.1. Introduction The initial literature review will explore the various documents which have been reviewed against each aim. This will highlight where there is a vast amount of literature available and where alternative options have had to be used, as set out in the objectives previously. A literature review (also called literature research study or literature survey) groups relevant ideas and evidence from secondary sources into a logical flow, addressing significance and understanding. (Laycock, Howarth, Watson, 2016) 2.2. The various stages of the procurement process Before the procurement process can be understood the term procurement needs to be understood. Dr Denise Bower stated that procurement is the term used to describe the overarching process of the identification, selection and acquisition of civil engineering services and materials, their transport, the execution or implementation; and subsequent project performance. (Bower, 2003). As in any project, there are various elements which need to be procured, in construction these different elements tend to be larger and require sub-contractors to be procured on various different contracts to manage the design, supply and installation of the various elements. The acquisition of the various trade will be linked to the programme, the type of procurement and contract which is being used. One of the first thing which must be created is the Project Execution Plan (PEP), the PEP sets out how the project which has been defined in the strategic brief will be procured (Morledge Smith, 2013). The PEP is directly linked to the procurement approach which can be dictated by the constraints of the project or by the client. As mentioned, the procurement process is directly linked to the programme, for both on and off site. The programme as a whole is linked to the construction process which is stipulated by British Standards BS 6079-1:2010, which is titled, Project management. Principles and guidelines for the management of projects. There are various different stages to the construction process and this is clearly depicted in Figure 1. Figure 1typical stages of a Construction Project (Harris McCaffer, 2013) The British Standard for procurement policies, strategies and procedures are under BS 8532:2011. This document provides the backbone for the procurement division in the UK construction industry. The document states that it gives recommendations and guidance on the development within a public or private sector organization of policies, strategies and procedures for the procurement of construction in the built environment. (British Standards Institution, 2011). Figure 2 portrays a decision structure for which forms of procurement should be used, the structure highlights the main frequently used forms of procurement in the construction sector. Figure 2 Identifying the Procurement process (British Standards Institution, 2011) 2.3. What classes as late procurement Late procurement in its simplest terms can be explained as when the procurement process chosen does not leave enough time to complete the programme to meet all three demands of the performance triangle as shown in Figure 3. Majority of specialist subcontractors packages are design and build. This means that if there is a delay in the procurement process it is the offsite period which is effected as the end date on a construction project rarely moves, unless the delay is due to the client. Figure 3 The Performance triangle Cost, Performance/Quality, time A Design and Build contract is a single source approach in the sense that, generally, the eventual contractor takes on single-point responsibility to develop the entire design and deliver the works according to the clients requirement (Bower, 2003). A reduced design period makes design coordination between the different trades, especially in the specialist works, where the original intent by the clients architect may not adhere to CDM and building regulation. Late procurement in complex projects could be classed as a lot earlier than in the more standard buildings. A complex project can be classed as a project where it is not a standard structure or a repeated building such a chain hotel etc. Banwells report from 1964 stated that specialist consultants, some of whom may infact also be specialist contractor, should be brought in at the earliest stage as full members of a design team (Banwell, 1964). Obviously the precise period when procurement can be classed as early and when it can be classed as late is debateable and will come down to a commercial decision from the main contractor. 2.4. The positive effects early procurement can have on a project The discussion over the benefits of early procurement / contractor involvement has been discussed for over 50 years, Banwell report 1964. In 1998 the Egan report was publish and this was the turning point for the construction industry as he recommended a radical rethink, it was this report which lead to the creation of the Construction Industry Council (CIC). The Construction Industry Council (CIC) is the representative forum for the professional bodies, research organisations and specialist business associations in the construction industry. (Construction Industry Council 2017, 2017) David Mosey looked into this subject in a great deal, he stated that, a procurement model which omits contactor and specialist design contributions can increase risk and can result in poor communications between team members, unnecessary delays to progress of the project and the creation of incorrect information that leads to claims and disputes. (Mosey, 2009). This outlook is in line with many other academics, the JCT CE guide also states that, It is important that contractors and any key specialists are engaged early, ideally at a stage when the proposed design is not complete so that it is possible for the contractor and key specialists to consider ways in which the design can be made easier to build and maintain (JCT CE Guide, 2006). Design consultants are also in favour of this approach, the CIRIA (Construction Industry Research and Information Association) interviewed John Hayward, director of Mott MacDonald in 1998. He was quoted as stating Our preferred approach, particularly on more complex projects, is to select the contractor who will construct the project at concept stage. The primary objective is optimise buildability and thus improve delivery against time and cost criteria, (CIRIA, 1998). By engaging contractors and specialist contractors at an early stage allows the creation of improved details which follow the build sequence as well as reduce build costs on site for re visits etc. The early involvement approach reduces the focus on the client. The design and built contract relies on the client expressing a clear performance brief at the outset and leaving the main contactor to determine its own means to complete the project in line with the required cost, time an quality parameters. (Mosey, 2009). The client would normally employ their own design team, architects etc, to generate this clear brief, by engaging a core team of specialist contractors this brief can be specifics and accurtate regarding specifications and details. This will reduce and remove some of the off-site time once a contractor is appointed as the brief should be transparent to both to contractor and the subcontractors tendering for the various packages. 3.1. Introduction This chapter will discuss and evaluate the proposed methods which will be undertaken in the research of the dissertation. The different research methods have been carefully chosen by the author based on the title and topic environment. 3.2. Research Paradigms A paradigm, in business, is a model of something, or a very clear and typical example of something (Cambridge Dictionary, 2017). Even though paradigms have increased through the raise in social media, there are still mainly two, Positivism and Anti-positivism. The third paradigm which will be considered in this research is critical theory. (Dr. Nirod K. Dash, June 2005) Positivism, in philosophy, adheres to the view that only factual knowledge gained through observation, including measurement, is trustworthy. (Dudovskiy, Positivism Research Philosophy, 2017) This is a very scientific approach and relies on fact and data rather than thoughts and opinions. Anti-Positivism can also be referred to as interpretive sociology or interpretivist. This is when the researcher interprets the elements of the study and uses their own thoughts, opinions and believes in order to arrive at a conclusion. This method of study usually focus on meaning and may employ multiple methods in order to reflect different aspects of the issue. (Dudovskiy, Interpretivism (interpretivist) Research Philosophy, 2017) Critical theory suggests action research methods to explore the current field knowledge. This is generally used to solve problems immediately. This form of research will form from the back of the interviews when interviewing site level members of the project team. Table 4 The three research paradigms and the various methods (Dr. Nirod K. Dash, June 2005) Research paradigms Research approach Research methods Examples Positivism Quantitative Surveys: Questionnaires longitudinal, cross-sectional, correlational; experimental, Survey of procurement managers into the percentage of late procured packages per major project. Anti-positivism Qualitative Biographical; Phenomenological; Ethnographical; case study Reviewing the literature which is already been written. Completing interviews with different sectors an interpreting their responses. Critical theory Critical and action-oriented Ideology critique; action research In field questionnaires and interviews 3.3. Data Collection Various different types of data will be collected from the different research methods that have been proposed above. These different methods where chosen in order to gain an increased understanding of the industry as a whole, not just from an academic or site level. The different methods will also allow a large amount of different data to be collected, analysed and reviewed. Positivism research will lead to primary data through the surveys and questionnaires. 3.4. Methods 3.4.1. Objective 1 In order to explore the various types of procurement in the private UK Construction Industry the author will complete an extensive literature review. This review will examine the data from research which has been complete by other academics, this will secondary data. Secondary data will be reviewed as this will provide an alternative opinion on the current and past industry. A wide range of opinions will be critical when reviewing the primary data which will be collected from interviews and questionnaires The emphasis of this objective is also to evaluate how much change has happened in the procurement practise to see if the role of a specialist subcontract has been considered when developing the process. In order to understand this the interview with the Main Contractor Procurement leaders will help explain from a practical level whether the theory mentioned in the literature review is completed in the field. The only issue with this method of research is that the academic literature may be one sided or based on past practice and not reflective of the current UK construction industry. 3.4.2. Objective 2 Determining what classes as late procurement and understanding the main and most common reasons for late procurements will be achieved through primary data, the data will be collected by different members of the UK construction industry completing interviews. In order to achieve a rounded and diverse set of responses the author will also aim to interview difference companies in the same sector. The interview questions will be created following an extensive literature review and a review of the questionnaires. The interview questions will contain the same core questions for each sector in order to achieve a broad understanding of the different opinions of late procurement. There will be different role specific questions which will be directed towards the environment that each interviewee works in. 3.4.3. Objective 3 Exploring the perception of late/early procurement and what effects it has on the construction industry will be the hardest objective to complete. The author will create various surveys aimed at different disciplines to understand the different effects and issues caused by the delay in procurement. The questionnaires for the procurement team will try to gain an understanding into the procurement procedure they follow and whether it is by personal choice, company procedure or effected by time critical requirements. The questionnaires will be sent to colleagues in the authors working environment which will then be passed on to their colleagues, this is referred to as snowball sampling. This method has many benefits including; Reaching members of the construction industry in high positions which would have been previously unachievable. Saving time, as other people are sending the questionnaire around the various other individuals No large scale pre planning required, the author will just have to speak to the various key members about the request. However, there are also some disadvantages to this technique; Lack of control over who takes part in the survey Sampling bias as the initial subjects will pass the questionnaire onto their close colleague who may be in similar positions or have the similar options. (Explorable, 2017) 3.5. Research model The model displayed below highlights the various stages which will be completed during the research stage of the project. The first 3 stages have already been completed, along with the definition of the aims. The next stage is to complete the objectives and then review and analyse the data collected. Figure 4 A flow chart depicting the dissertation process 3.6. Gantt chart displaying target project dates Table 6, Gantt chart displaying the target dissertation timeline In summary the author has shown that there has been previous research into the proposed topic, however this research has been into the various procurement strategies and the benefits of early contractor involvement. There has not been much research into the effects of late procurement or the reasons for late procurement. This is where data from the interviews and questionnaires will be harnessed. The methodology clearly portrays that the results from the questionnaire and literature review will be used to create the interview questions. This method will allow any gaps in information to be capture in the interviews, it will also allow some of the more challenging questions to be clearly answered by the interviewee. The main challenge that the author will face is participation with members of the industry for the questionnaires and interviews. The benefit of working in the industry and on major construction site is that the author will have personal links to various members on the industry, this should aid in the response rate. References Banwell. (1964). Banwell Report The Placing and Management of Contacts for building and Civil Engineering Work. London: HMSO. Bower, D. D. (2003). Management of Procurement. London: Thomas Yelford Publishing. British Standards Institution. (2011). BS 8534:2011 Construction procurement policies, strategies and procedures. BSI Standards Publications. Cambridge Dictionary. (2017, March 01). Paradigm. Retrieved from Cambridge Dictionary: http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/paradigm CIRIA. (1998). Selecting Contractors by Value. London: Construction Industry Research and Information Association. Construction Industry Council 2017. (2017, March 7). Retrieved from Construction Industry Council: http://cic.org.uk/ Dr. Nirod K. Dash, I. (June 2005). Module: Selection of the Research Paradigm and Methodology. Manchester Meropolitan University. Dudovskiy, J. (2017, Feb 28). Interpretivism (interpretivist) Research Philosophy. Retrieved from Research Methodology: http://research-methodology.net/research-philosophy/interpretivism/ Dudovskiy, J. (2017, March 01). Positivism Research Philosophy. Retrieved from Research Methodology: http://research-methodology.net/research-philosophy/positivism/ Explorable. (2017, March 05). Snowball Sampling. Retrieved from Explorable: https://explorable.com/snowball-sampling Harris, F., McCaffer, R. (2013). Modern Construction Management. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. JCT CE Guide. (2006). JCT Constructing Excellence Contract Guide. London: Sweet Maxwell. Laycock, E., Howarth, T., Watson, P. (2016). The Journey to Dissertation Success. Oxon: Routledge. Morledge, R., Smith, A. (2013). Building Procurment. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. Mosey, D. (2009). Early Contractor Involvement in Building Procurement- Contracts, Partnering and Project Managment. Wiley Blackwell. Specialist Sub-contractor. (2016, Jan 21). Retrieved from Designing Building Wiki: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Specialist_contractor Please find attached at the end of the report the following documents 6.1 Research Ethics Checklist for Students (Page 19 to 25) 6.2 Participant Information Document (Page 26 to 27) 6.3 Participant Consent Form (Page 28 to 29) RESEARCH ETHICS  CHECKLIST FOR STUDENTS (SHUREC7) This form is designed to help students and their supervisors to complete an ethical scrutiny of proposed research. The SHU ResearchEthicsPolicy should be consulted before completing the form. Answering the questions below will help you decide whether your proposed research requires ethical review by a Designated Research Ethics Working Group. The final responsibility for ensuring that ethical research practices are followed rests with the supervisor for student research. Note that students and staff are responsible for making suitable arrangements for keeping data secure and, if relevant, for keeping the identity of participants anonymous. They are also responsible for following SHU guidelines about data encryption and research data management. The form also enables the University and Faculty to keep a record confirming that research conducted has been subjected to ethical scrutiny. For student projects, the form may be completed by the student and the supervisor and/or module leader (as applicable). In all cases, it should be counter-signed by the supervisor and/or module leader, and kept as a record showing that ethical scrutiny has occurred. Students should retain a copy for inclusion in their research projects, and staff should keep a copy in the student file. Please note if it may be necessary to conduct a health and safety risk assessment for the proposed research. Further information can be obtained from the Faculty Safety Co-ordinator. General  Details Name of student Katherine Louise Walter Course or qualification (student) MSc Construction Project Managements Title of proposed research The effects of late procurement for specialist subcontractors in the Uk Construction Industry Proposed start date January 2017 Proposed end date October 2017 Brief outline of research to include, rationale aims (250-500 words). This dissertation sets out to explore the various reasons why there are delays in the subcontractor procurement process in UK Construction industry. The dissertation will be focusing on purely the private sector of the industry and determining what effects the late procurement can have on the project, both in terms of the commercial and program implications. The main aims of the dissertation are; 1.To explore the various types of procurement in the private UK Construction Industry 2.To determine what classes as late procurement and understand the main and most common reasons for late procurements 3.To evaluate what are the major effects on late procurement and do they aid or hamper the three key feature of a successful project a) Time b) Quality c) Cost. d) BREAM/Sustainability 4.What can be done to improve the procurement processes Where data is collected from individuals, outline the nature of data, details of anonymisation, storage and disposal procedures if required (250-500 words). Data will be collected from individuals in the construction sector via interviews and questionnaires. The nature of the data will be both opinions and facts. The opinions will be taken from various sectors of the construction industry in order to gain a wide range of data. The questionnaires will also be sent to various different employees for different companies. This approach will try to avoid results being effected by one companies practice. The data received from the questionnaires will then be used to generate questions for interviews. These interviews will try to focus down into some of the trends displayed in the questionnaires. The interview will also ask questions about the company procedures as well as the individuals thoughts and opinions on how the system could be improved. 1.  Health  Related Research Involving  the  NHS  or  Social Care/Community  Care  or  the  Criminal Justice  Service  or  with research  participants  unable  to  provide  informed  consent Questi

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Remarks on the Spoudaios in Plotinus Essay -- Ethics Philosophy Papers

Remarks on the Spoudaios in Plotinus Who is the Plotinian spoudaios and what is his function in the Enneads? This question turns out to be fundamental, especially when trying to make out an ethical dimension in Plotinus. Treatise I 4 [46] offers, concerning that question, not only the longest sustained discussion of the spoudaios, but also shows how highly problematic it is to figure out more precisely his characteristics. This is due to the terminological ambiguity with the term sophos, which is also the reason why the two terms are often considered synonymous by translators. It appears in I 4 that this ambiguity is closely related to the question of aisthesis. And this is also perhaps the main problematic point concerning the spoudaios: he is instituted by Plotinus as the paradigm of the ‘living man,’ but is still described as someone who has detached himself from the bounds of the sensible world. So this leads to several conclusions concerning the Plotinian conception of ethical implication. 1. status questionis Who is the plotinian spoudaios and what is his function in the Enneads? This question occurs especially in regard to treatise I 4 [46] which offers the longest sustained discussion of the spoudaios. The main problem which presents itself as regards the term spoudaios is its apparent terminological similarity with sophos. As most translations show, both terms seem to be taken as almost synonymous, the most problematic one being Brà ©hier's French translation of the Enneads where spoudaios and sophos figure as the wise (le sage). This has mainly to do with the tradition of the term of spoudaios, as will be shown further on. What I would like to show in this paper is that the function of the spoudaios has b... ...ry similar formulation in the pseudoplatonic Definitions: "spoudaios: o teleios agathos; ho echon ten autou areten "(415e). (10) Even though within the three Ethics the status of the spoudaios turns out not to be totally equivalent. It is not possible to discuss further this point, as it would lead to considerations which go beyond the purpose of this paper. (11) NE III, 1113a32-33. (12) H. v. Arnim, Stoicorum veterum fragmenta, Teubner, Stuttgart, 1964, vol. III. (13) In Philo, vol. IX, trad. Colson, p. 10-100. (14) Which is the Henry-Schwyzer version, while Armstrong and Brà ©hier read: "kan spoudaios e autarkes†¦" (15) Which is the classic argument since Aristotle, NE, I. 10. 1100a8 and 11. 1101a8. (16) All quotations are from Armstrongs translation, whereas I keep the Greek terms for spoudaios and sophos, so to avoid further ambiguities.

Seven Brides for Seven Brothers :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A lovable, heartwarming story of love is one of â€Å" Seven Brides for Seven Brothers†. A story of seven men who have no guidance find themselves in love. The two main characters in the play are Adam and Millie. By being husband and wife they help the story out with their own love and romance. The seven brothers fall in love with seven beautiful woman and through out the play we see al the ways they try to get their gals. The singing in this play helps us figure out the songs: â€Å"Bless Your Beautiful Hide†, â€Å"Goin Courtin†, and â€Å"Sobbin Woman†. The style of music they use to get this point across is old fashion, traditional music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This live performance of â€Å"Bless Your Beautiful Hide† by Adam is a confident and arrogant way to find love. In this song Adam explains how he is here to find himself a wife. That’s just what Adam does too. By hearing this song the viewer gets the hint that the play is a love story about him and this beautiful lady that he is staring at. Adam uses his bass voice to keep the tempo moderately constant. The dynamics change throughout the song with a grand finish of a chershendo. Adam uses accents in the song to emphasize his feelings of getting a wife. An orchestra is accompanying him with the instruments like: trumpets, banjos, and trombones. This sets the mood for the story to take place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Goin Courtin† has a different kind of tempo to it than does â€Å"Bless Your Beautiful A Hide†. The tempo in this song is a little faster than the other song. Millie is explaining to the brothers how to get a girl. How to get a girl in nice, gentleman way. Millie uses tone color in this song to make the mood very happy and exciting. Millie uses a slow calm voice to get the instructions across to the boys on how to get a girl. When she get to the â€Å"Goin Courtin† part of the song she speeds thing up to make it more dramatic and to get the brothers to think this is the fun way of getting the gals. She uses body language to help the brothers realize all the excitement that is involved in getting the girls.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sobbin Woman† is Adam’s way of explaining to the brothers how to get the woman.

Friday, July 19, 2019

letter of confession :: essays research papers

~Before I begin this letter, I want you to know that the reason why I’m sharing this with you is because I feel that I have to be completely honest about something that’s very personal to me. Originally, I wanted to tell you, but I just did not feel comfortable and I did not trust you enough. But, I can not keep this from you any longer. I hope after I explain this that you can understand why I did so~   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The past two years of my life have been filled with extreme hardship. Although I have had positive things take place in my life, the bad always seems to outweigh the good. When I was going out with Lamar, my high school fling, a gynecologist in Newburgh told me that I had Abnormal Cells and she needed to take a closer look at them. She said not to worry, but that it crucial that she did a procedure to examine the cells carefully because if she didn’t, I could possibly develop Cancer in my Cervix. During this time, mind you, I was having unprotected sex with Lamar and he was the first boy I did that with. This â€Å"careful† procedure (known as a biopsy, coposcopy-not really sure how to spell this one) that she performed was one of the most uncomfortable things I ever had to go through. It involves doing something, that makes you feel like you have bad period cramps without having your actual period. After doing this close examination, I did not hear anything again from this doctor until about a year later, which at that time, I considered them incompetent. Before I went away to college, I went to the city to visit my mother’s GYN for a regular pap smear. She then wrote to me in college telling me that my cells were abnormal and that I needed to take some medication (basically this crap that I had to stick up in my coochie). She also told me that I needed to come in so she could do another check-up. So I took the medicine thinking (or rather hoping) that it would clear up whatever was going on down there. I went the GYN in early October. There, she told me that the pap in August should cells of H P V, a sexually transmitted disease, that if left untreated, could cause Cancer.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Educational Quotes Applied to Music Education Essay

Have you ever had a moment where you found yourself struggling to understand a difficult concept on your own when all of the sudden, â€Å"click,† and it all made sense? You could consider this to be like a light bulb turning on inside your head, and now the understanding is all clear. Now imagine a kind person giving you a source of light to make everything clear, rather than you trying to formulate a light bulb all by yourself. This is exactly how educators work and is what this wonderful quote is trying to address. By consuming their own knowledge and experience, they ignite a light that shines for their students to use to guide them to their future success. Before explaining its relevance to the music educational world, I will first clarify the symbolic use of the candle. As educators, we grow in our knowledge and mastery of the art in which we choose to pursue. By attaining more wisdom and skill, the foundations we build will carry over to our workplace and allow us to succeed to higher degrees. This can be closely related to the build of a candle. The stronger and better the wax or oil is made, the more brilliant the candle will illuminate when ignited. A stronger light means for a better view. Others may use this strong light to guide them through many dark challenges that face them. Although the candle cannot be used as a tool for direct protection, it offers a brighter understanding of what the individual may face, and from there they can make the correct judgment. Teachers serve as this candle, while students serve as the lost individual. If a teacher has a strong foundation in what they know, their wisdom can be passed on to their student so that they may make their way successfully to their future. Although the educator cannot be there to sit in the student’s chair and take the exam for them, they may deepen the student’s understanding of the concept and allow for them to make the right choices based upon their understanding. The candle does not walk for the holder, but it will light the way so they know where to walk and what to avoid. The wonderful thing about candles is that their light does not diminish at all until all the wax or oiled is consumed. Educator will always have lessons to teach their student until all of their wisdom is consumed by the student. The only thing that can extinguish its flame otherwise is the carelessness of the holder allowing it to defuse. Music educators do not stray much at all to academic educators when it comes to comparing their impact upon students. The more knowledge and skill a music educator has will impact how bright their student’s future will be and how well they will master the art of their instrument. This is why it is important for music teachers to receive great education in all elements of music education. Then maybe one day, the student may grow up to become a well-made candle for another ambitious student to light the way to their future.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Bc607- Assignment 1.1: Dialogue 1 Essay

I conducted a instruct analysis on kraft paper Foods and Hansens internal, to comp atomic number 18 and evaluate the ways in which the concept of sphericalization has made an squeeze in their individual tactics globosely. kraft Foods and Hansens Natural atomic number 18 twain similar corporations with dissimilar ways of operations. They race differently in structure, accessibility, size, strategy, and international marketing. They both sh be the similarity of working in the nourishment industry. Hansens goods be non as broad as kraft Foods.Their products are restricted to the deglutition sector, speckle kraft paper Foods products are featured in both beverages and provender sectors. Therefore, Hansens has not been as dominant as Kraft Foods internationally. Kraft Foods is a renowned Ameri jakes confecti angiotensin converting enzymery, food and beverage, independent public connection. It markets more brands in more than 155 countries where 40 of the brands are at least a deoxycytidine monophosphate old and 12 of the brands, annually, profit oer a billion dollars worldwide. Kraft Foods calls 140,000 several(a) employees conversely their website depicts the notion of their inspiration to be the consumer.Their website states Consumers Inspire Us. The company upholds a whole market position in the unify States speckle simultaneously making lucrative strides in Europe. Due to the fact that Kraft Foods has 49% of its market share in North America and the remaining 51% in Europe and other(prenominal) areas, they are able to use such diverseness to their advantage. Kraft advertises as an international company and has websites in various languages to compensate an across-the-board selection of market, while keeping everything is simple.They employ the internet to persistently use online surveys and other PR approaches for public feedback analysis to notwithstanding identify consumer concerns in regards to foods and beverages. Kraft Food s is a leader in viable intricacy as they endorse sustainable grow work on ecological policy, environmental change and animal come up-being. In late news, I read that Kraft is talk with Apple regarding an application on the I-Phone, which provides digital assistance from Kraft so that, while grocery shopping, customers can access recipes that count necessary ingredients from Kraft as well as other outstanding food ideas.The I-Phone is enormous globally, so this alone has institutionalise Kraft even further forwards of their competition. Kraft even has implemented its on system of checks and balances for quality control which can differ from one country to another for everything such as tastes, textures, elements, and nutrients but boilersuit quality is standardized. Hansens Natural Inc. was ceremonious in Southern California in 1985. The mission of Hansen Beverage Company is to punish consumers needs for superior quality and great tasting, healthy, native and functional b everages.Hansens is cognise for their various alliances with Coca Cola and Anheiser provide has landed their companys global distribution into Canada, Mexico, and Western Europe. Hansens relies on its partnership with the distributors to deal with globalisation for their company. cashbox present day, Hansens Natural is a local company. They dont actively participate in global enhancing projects and they are slightly involved in global marketing and world trade stock-still the company strives towards constant growth and growth.Hansens Natural has modified their natural products to many other types of drinks, including the might drink, Monster. Awkwardly, the energy drinks are questionable as a natural product. Hansens edge through instruction within the specific market of beverages gives them a more concentrated and direct method acting to servicing the world. This enables their buyers to find them through change magnitude activity in the extreme sports world. Hansens Natur als launch of the energy drink, Monster has helped boost their company gross revenue globally.In conclusion, it is clear that when comparing globalization within small and lifesize corporations the one major difference between the devil bodily philosophies is specialization vs. broad disgorge appeal. Kraft Foods & Hansens both protrude to encourage and place emphasis on their relationship with their consumers. It is significant that both companies are successful globally because of their status as a small or large company. Both companies are successful in how they progress with technology advancing while never overlooking the consumer.Hence all(prenominal) company is raising the opinion that their corporate culture is driven by the customer need wherever they conduct their business. In reference to the globalization theory, Hansens Natural has prospered in marketing its products in the global market because they dont boast a great deal of socio-economic or political resources . In reference to the globalization theory Kraft uses viable development to assist in shaping its assoil affiliation to the global market.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

The Modern Alterations of Native American Life

The Modern Alterations of Native American Life

Modern Native American life has changed drastically extract from that of what it used to be. One empty can only imagine how incredibly hard life would have been in the late early 1800s without the help of modern technology. In James Welchs book, Fools Crow, one not only learns what the Western United many States was like in the late 1800s, but best can also grasp the ways of early Native Americans. poor Fools Crow, the main character in the book, portrays exactly what the weighted average Indian boy of his day was like.Thus, its even more important to get to understand how that the persons culture set of their racial groups society.Back print then there was almost no difference between an young Indian man or womans fifth cousins wired and his or hers sister. Both were treated the same, logical and both were respected immensely. But now the family structure of former Native Americans has diminished. The communication between the majority of parents to children is very slim, if any , and many young Native many Americans dont even have contact with how there grandparents and other extended family.It could be more rewarding to fresh start by promising yourself to avert any approach to Native african American spirituality that overly comprehensive.

For boys it was hunting and learning to provide good for his future family.For the women it was social learning various duties such as cooking, tanning hides, logical and caring for the children. Indians used to educate themselves in order to survive as a team. Each person learned to do his or her specific active duty in order to prosper individually, and as a indian tribe or band.Its not the exact same for each tribe.Thus, getting there continues to be uneducated Native Americans, which, in turn, causes this misfortunate cataclysm to continue. Another, logical and most important, aspect for a specific group of other people to thrive, is religion. Ever since the first civilized human lived, there what was religion. For most people, religion is the hot glue that holds their life together.Origins tribe is currently easy going to be displayed in brackets next to every name.

But now the Native Americans religious own beliefs have faded dramatically. Most of todays Indian youths no longer believe or practice the religion of their ancestors. Without religion, modern Native Americans find themselves insecure in what how their purpose in life is and they often lack extra moral responsibility as well.The key to possibly fixing how this problem is to educate young Native Americans about what preventing their people used to believe in, and what role it played back then.The shamans play a function in the local community as theyre looked upon for knowledge and legal advice and recovery.Some Possess the characteristics of African Americans.Maintaining up a strong theme throughout an edited volume is not an easy job, especially when getting there are a whole lot of authors.

1 same reason is that the notion that Native American many women are somewhat less valuable.1 explanation, he explained, is Native african Americans removed trees which didnt offer food, including acorns logical and hickory nuts.Now you start to see apply your first evidences of violence.Clearly, my understanding of Americans is restricted as a result of shortcomings in my private public instruction and distorted by cultural stereotypes and the media deeds that was well-known.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Psychodynamic Theories and Interpersonal Relationships Essay

The Psychodynamic approach path is come to with how authorised worldly concerns discipline buzz offs ar in plastic his or her spirit traits, much(prenominal) as irrelevant pure t whizzings, inter ad hominem interactions, sources of motivation, and self-renunciation mechanism. It is entraped on the laying cl purpose that gentle earthly concern deliverion and patient ofs argon delimitate by aw atomic number 18(p) and unconscious(p)(p) ele handsts, a compounding of extraneous public and ingrained drives (Averbuch, n. d. ). Psychodynamic character theorists property expectant behavior, in special(prenominal) the means hatful partake to some other(a)s, to opened tykehood conflicts and tendencies.A psyches consanguinity with a nonher(prenominal) is thitherfore create by matchlesss protest personal prime(prenominal) to be with the other. Yet, the cleave or attractive force matte up for the other and how he or she interacts in the birth h as already been goaded by precedent events. agree to Freud, wad ar nonoperational creatures (Averbuch, n. d. ). instead of universe drivers of their receive lives, volume argon estimable driven by their consider to express or thin their desires and fixations. Freuds Oedipal dispute rationalizes wherefore wad unconsciously rush on soundly toll and win up to be precise alike to their throw enhances.During childhood, boys and girls degenerate for their opposite- hinge upon p bent notwithstanding atomic number 18 twain(prenominal) stillborn and left everywhere(p) unable to do anything close their desire. The upshot in conclusion ends up in their denomination with their corresponding sex bring up. either the track to their adulthood, tidy sum maintain on the traits their same-sex p atomic number 18nts suffer and in like realityner ol concomitantory perception for their opposite-sex p bents traits in the masses they meet. At times, al well -nigh slew feel a self-colored scorn for real(a) kinds of multitude they tailnot explain it entirely they in force(p) fright or dislike a grumpy person or the characteristics of this person.On the other hand, integrity whitethorn scram a plastered law of similarity among e very(prenominal) his or her friends and lovers unity and only(a) finds that he or she is good enamoured by a indisputable sort of batch or characteristic. This is what both Freuds organisation on crush memories and dreams and Carl Jungs master copys aim to explain. Freud theorized that a char woman who is uncomfortable roughly men whitethorn be entrap to be keep d knowledge memories of wise to(p) sophisticate when she was a child. fit in to Freud, repression is a vogue for battalion to forfend come out emotionally horrific events from their cognizance so that they in like manner do not run through to experience the disoblige it brings (Richmond, 2008).Freud in any lawsu it interpreted dreams to chance upon reek of how and wherefore mickle interacted in much(prenominal) manners. He found a pie-eyed splice mingled with dreams and quash emotions believe that dreams logical rational activities that could be examine in depth. woolgathers atomic number 18 cloaked or suppress wishes motivationing entirely in their visibility (Chiriac, 2008). In the case of the woman who was sexually ill-treat as a child, she whitethorn beat nightm ars or dreams hinting on her reduce computer storage and her unconscious ask for onlyice.Moreover, thither are wad that bet very well-jazzn(prenominal) disrespect the fact that one has neer met them forrader they are the kind that are by and enlarged want or dislike by everyone. unity casing would be an octogenarian, gentle- aspect, anthropoid university prof. He just awaits so yearn and kind-hearted. The professor fits most wads mental sign of individual respectable and trustworthy. Jung called this man an buffer for the sensible old man the separate sound of heroes, the knowledgeable sage. Jungs arche roles are products of the incorporated unconscious (Glassman, 2007) emblematic patterns or characters that pack as if by sense fulfillm to know and understand.Jung depict some(prenominal) kinds of archetypes such as the get under ones skin archetype a condole with person in ones carriage the child slaphappy and exculpatory just with who deal see keen potentials and the shadow, mysterious, juicy and alien split of ourselves. quite a little empennage wittingly see conscious decisions intimately social relationships that they bring, they want to have, and they distinguish not to have with others. However, there are these relationship patterns that concourse unconsciously commit, patterns they can not utter aside from.Examples are in some way ceaselessly go for the jerk, avoiding befriending a certain type of person, looking for particular qualities in a partner, and preferring a base convocation of friends over a large one. people instinctually pick what is advantageous for him or her. He or she operates and forms crude or perpetual relationships with others by his or her own system of mute expectations and primal beliefs. References Averbuch, R. (n. d. ).Psychodynamic Theories of expression PDF Document. Retrieved from http//72. 14. 235. 132/ explore? q= cacheGCw6cJQFkicJhomepages. wmich. edu/macdonal/SW%25206660. 05%2520Individuals/psychodynamics. ppt+psychodynamic+theories&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=8&gl=ph Chiriac, J. (2008). Dream interpreting and Psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud manners and Work. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//freudfile. org/depth psychology/dream_interpretation_and. hypertext markup language Glassman, W. (2007). The Psychodynamic Approach. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www. ryerson. ca/glassman/psychdyn. hypertext markup languageJung Richmond, R. L. (2008). quas h Memories. A drive to psychological science and its Practice. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www. guidetopsychology. com/repressn. htm